秋膘非人人可“貼”，辨證進補方爲道
在咱這華夏大地的傳統裏，“貼秋膘”就像是一場與秋天的約定。夏日的炎熱漸漸退去，秋風送爽，人們便琢磨着在秋季好好補補身子，爲即將到來的寒冬儲存能量，彷彿要把夏天流失的“元氣”都一股腦兒地補回來。然而，這“貼秋膘”可不是一場人人都能參與的“狂歡派對”，若是不顧自身體質盲目跟風，那可就如同在錯誤的道路上狂奔，不僅補不了身體，還可能惹出一身麻煩。
肥胖及代謝異常者：秋膘是“甜蜜的負擔”
先說說那些肥胖及代謝異常的朋友，他們就像揹着沉重包袱的行者，本身身體裏的“交通”就已經有些混亂了。高血壓、高血脂、糖尿病這些“小惡魔”在他們體內肆虐，此時若是再來一場高脂高熱量飲食的“狂歡”，那無疑是在給這些“小混亂”加油打氣，讓它們更加囂張跋扈。
據相關統計，在我國，肥胖人羣中患有高血壓的比例高達40%左右，患有高血脂的比例約爲35%，而糖尿病患者裏肥胖人羣也佔了相當大的比重。想象一下，這些朋友的身體就像是一座已經超載的橋樑，本就搖搖欲墜，若是在“貼秋膘”的時候再往上面堆放大量的脂肪和熱量，這座橋樑遲早會不堪重負而崩塌。
我有個鄰居，身材肥胖，還患有高血壓和高血脂。去年秋天，他聽信了“貼秋膘”的說法，天天大魚大肉，結果沒過多久，血壓飆升，血脂也嚴重超標，不得不去醫院住了一段時間。這就是盲目“貼秋膘”帶來的慘痛教訓，肥胖及代謝異常者，還是乖乖地和秋膘說“拜拜”吧。
脾胃虛弱者：進補如“火上澆油”
脾胃虛弱的人，就像一臺動力不足的老舊機器，運轉起來總是磕磕絆絆。他們常常食慾不振，喫一點點東西就覺得腹脹，大便還不成形。若是此時進補不當，就好比給這臺老舊機器強行塞進過多的燃料，不僅無法讓它正常運轉，反而會導致消化不良和積食，讓機器徹底“罷工”。
從中醫的角度來看，脾胃是後天之本，氣血生化之源。脾胃虛弱的人，消化功能本就較差，無法很好地吸收和運化食物中的營養。有數據顯示，在脾胃虛弱的人羣中，約有70%的人在進補後會出現不同程度的消化不良症狀。
我認識一位老人，脾胃一直不太好。有一年秋天，他的家人覺得他身體虛弱，需要好好補補，就給他做了很多滋補的食物。結果老人喫了之後，肚子脹得難受，好幾天都沒胃口喫飯。這就是典型的進補不當，脾胃虛弱者應該先調理好脾胃，等脾胃功能恢復正常了，再考慮進補的事情。
胃火旺盛者：清內熱是進補“前奏”
胃火旺盛的人，就像體內藏着一座熊熊燃燒的火山，常常伴有口臭、便祕、喜冷飲等症狀。他們的身體裏已經“熱氣騰騰”，此時若是不先清內熱，就直接進補，那就好比在火山口上蓋房子，遲早會被火山噴發出來的“熱浪”給摧毀。
中醫認爲，胃火旺盛是由於飲食不節、情志失調等原因導致的。這類人在秋季進補前，應該先喫一些清熱降火的食物，比如苦瓜、綠豆等，把體內的“火氣”降下來。據臨牀觀察，胃火旺盛者在未清內熱的情況下進補，約有80%的人會出現上火症狀，如口腔潰瘍、牙齦腫痛等。
我有個朋友，平時就喜歡喫辛辣食物，胃火一直很旺。去年秋天，他不顧自己的身體狀況，跟着別人一起“貼秋膘”，結果沒過幾天，就口腔潰瘍頻發，痛苦不堪。後來，他聽從醫生的建議，先清內熱，再適當進補，身體才慢慢恢復了正常。
老年人及兒童：消化功能弱，進補需謹慎
老年人就像一臺使用多年的老機器，各個零部件都已經磨損嚴重，消化功能也大不如前。而兒童則像一顆正在茁壯成長的幼苗，消化系統尚未發育完善。這兩類人羣的消化功能都比較弱，如果過量進食肉類等高蛋白、高脂肪的食物，就容易導致積滯，就像給一條狹窄的小路塞滿了過多的車輛，會造成交通堵塞。
有研究表明，老年人和兒童在過量進食肉類後，出現消化不良、積食等症狀的比例高達60%以上。對於老年人來說，過量進補還可能引發其他疾病，如心血管疾病等。而對於兒童來說，積滯可能會影響他們的生長髮育。
我鄰居家的孩子，有一次在秋天喫了很多肉，結果第二天就肚子不舒服，不想喫飯。孩子的奶奶後悔不已，說以後再也不敢讓孩子一下子喫這麼多肉了。老年人也應該遵循適量、清淡的原則，先健脾養胃，再慢慢進補。
“貼秋膘”雖是一種傳統習俗，但並非人人適用。我們應該根據自己的體質，科學、合理地進補。就像走路一樣，要選擇適合自己的道路，才能走得穩健、走得長遠。在這個秋天，讓我們摒棄盲目“貼秋膘”的觀念，以辨體進補的方式，呵護好自己的身體，迎接更加健康美好的未來。
作者簡介：梁世傑 中醫高年資主治醫師，本科學歷，從事中醫臨牀工作24年，積累了較豐富的臨牀經驗。師從首都醫科大學附屬北京中醫院肝病科主任醫師、著名老中醫陳勇，侍診多載，深得器重，盡得真傳！擅用“商湯經方分類療法”、專病專方結合“焦樹德學術思想”“關幼波十綱辨證”學術思想治療疑難雜症爲特色。現任北京樹德堂中醫研究院研究員，北京中醫藥薪火傳承新3+3工程—焦樹德門人（陳勇）傳承工作站研究員，國際易聯易學與養生專委會常務理事，中國中醫藥研究促進會焦樹德學術傳承專業委員會委員，中國藥文化研究會中醫藥慢病防治分會首批癌症領域入庫專家。榮獲2020年中國中醫藥研究促進會仲景醫學分會舉辦的第八屆醫聖仲景南陽論壇“經方名醫”榮譽稱號。2023年首屆京津冀“扁鵲杯”燕趙醫學研究主題徵文優秀獎獲得者。事蹟入選《當代科學家》雜誌、《中華英才》雜誌。
Not everyone can "fix" autumn sickness, identify ways to take supplements
In the traditions of China, "fixing autumn" is like an agreement with the autumn. As the summer heat gradually recedes and the autumn wind becomes cooler, people think about getting better at their bodies in the autumn and storing energy for the coming winter, as if to restore all the "strength" lost in summer. However, this "fasting" is not a "carnival party" that everyone can participate in. If you blindly follow the trend regardless of your physical condition, it is like running on the wrong road, not only failing to replenish your body, but you may get in trouble.
Obesity and metabolic abnormalities: Autumn fat is a "sweet burden"
Let''s start with friends who are obese and metabolically abnormal. They are like heavy carriers whose "traffic" in their own bodies is already somewhat chaotic. High blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus are rampant in their bodies. If we have another "carnival" of high fat and high calorie diet, it will cheer these "little demons" and make them more arrogant.
According to relevant statistics, in China, the proportion of obese people with hypertension is about 40%, the proportion of people with hyperlipidemia is about 35%, and the proportion of obese people with diabetes mellitus is also a large proportion. Imagine that these friends'' bodies are like an overloaded bridge that is already crumbling, and if you stack a lot of fat and calories on top of it when you''re reaching your waistline, it will sooner or later become overwhelmed and collapse.
I have a neighbor who is obese and has high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Last fall, he listened to the mantra of "eating a healthy diet" and ate a lot of fish and meat every day. It didn''t take long for his blood pressure to soar and his blood lipids to become so high that he had to spend some time in the hospital. This is the painful lesson of blindly "toing for a healthy age." Those who are obese and have metabolic abnormalities should still say "bye" to their healthy ages.
Deficiency of spleen and stomach: tonic as "add fuel to the fire"
A man with deficiency of spleen and stomach is like an old machine with insufficient power, which always stumbles. They often have a loss of appetite, and when they eat a little, they feel bloating and their stools are not yet formed. If not properly supplemented at this time, it is like forcing excessive fuel into this old machine, which will not only fail to make it work properly, but will cause indigestion and food accumulation, and make the machine "strike" completely.
From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, the spleen and stomach are the natural ingredients and the biochemical source of qi and blood. People with deficiency of spleen and stomach have poor digestive system and can not absorb and transport nutrients from food well. Statistics show that about 70% of people with deficiency of spleen and stomach suffer from dyspepsia after taking supplements.
I know an old man who has always had a bad stomach. One fall, his family decided he was weak and needed a good remedy, so they made him a lot of nourishing food. As a result, after the old man ate, his stomach became very swollen and he did not have the appetite to eat for several days. This is the typical deficiency of spleen and stomach, spleen and stomach should be adjusted first, such as spleen and stomach back to normal, then consider the matter of tonic.
People with a strong stomach fire: clearing internal fever is a "precursor" to healing
People with a strong stomach fire, like a burning volcano in their body, are often accompanied by bad breath, constipation, and a preference for cold drinks. Their bodies are already "hot," and if they do not clear the internal heat first, they can directly supplement them, which is like building a house on a volcano, and sooner or later the "heat wave" from the volcano will destroy it.
According to traditional Chinese medicine, a strong stomach fire is caused by reasons such as improper diet and mood disorders. Before these people take remedies in autumn, they should eat some foods that clear the heat and reduce the fire, such as bitter melons and green beans, to reduce the "flame" in the body. According to the clinical observation, about 80% of the people who have strong stomach fire will have the symptoms of burning, such as oral ulcers, swelling and aching of gum and so on.
I have a friend who usually likes spicy food and has a strong stomach. Last fall, despite his physical condition, he followed others to "fit for the autumn," and within a few days, he was suffering from frequent oral ulcers. Later, he followed the doctor''s advice to clear the internal fever first and take appropriate supplements, and his body slowly returned to normal.
Older people and children: weak digestive function and caution in taking supplements
The elderly are like an old machine that has been in use for many years, with various parts worn down severely and digestion functioning much worse than before. The child, on the other hand, is like a thriving baby with a digestive system that is not yet fully developed. Both types of people have weak digestive function, and if they overeat high-protein, high-fat foods such as meat, they can easily lead to stagnation, like filling a narrow road with too many vehicles, causing traffic jams.
Studies have shown that the proportion of elderly and children who experience digestive problems and accumulated food after eating too much meat is as high as 60%. For the elderly, excessive supplementation may also cause other diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. In children, retardation may affect their growth and development.
My neighbor''s child, once ate a lot of meat in the fall, only to get sick the next day and don''t want to eat. The child''s grandmother regretted it and said she would never dare let the child eat so much meat at once. Older people should also follow the principle of moderation and lightness, first to strengthen the spleen and stomach, and then slowly to supplement.
Although it is a traditional custom, it is not suitable for everyone. We should supplement scientifically and reasonably according to our physical condition. Just like walking, it is necessary to choose the path that is right for you to walk steadily and for you to go long. In this autumn, let us abandon the idea of blindly "fixing up" and take proper care of our own body in a manner that allows us to usher in a healthier and better future.
Author Bio: Liang Shijie is a senior medical practitioner in traditional Chinese medicine with an undergraduate degree. He has been engaged in traditional medicine clinical work for 24 years and has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience. Following Chen Yong, chief physician of liver disease at Beijing Traditional Medicine Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, and renowned old Chinese medicine, he has been treated for many years and received great attention. He specializes in the treatment of difficult diseases using "conversational traditional therapy" and special treatments combined with the academic ideas of Jiao Shude and Guan Yubo''s ten-level diagnosis.He is currently a researcher at the Shude Tang TCM Research Institute in Beijing, a fellow at the new 3 + 3 project of traditional Chinese medicine flame inheritance in Beijing - a scholar at the inheritance workstation of Jiao Shude''s protégés (Chen Yong),He is a standing committee member of the International Expert Committee on E-learning and Health Care, a member of the Jiao Shude Academic Heritage Special Committee of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Chinese Medicine Research, and the first cancer specialist to be included in the chapter of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Culture Research Association. Won the 2020 China Association for the Promotion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhongjing Medical Branch held the eighth session of the Medical Saint Zhongjing Nanyang Forum "Classic Prescription Famous Doctor" honorary title. The winner of the first Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei "Pingui Cup" Yanzhao Medical Research Essay Award in 2023. His work was featured in the journal Current Scientist and the journal Chinese Talent.
